Sunday, April 27, 2008

柏楊:青天白日 國民黨收回去



自由時報記者范正祥╱台北報導〕總統府資政、人權作家柏楊建議修改國旗、國歌,備受關注。其中,柏楊希望國旗恢復成「五色旗」,指的是中華民國成立以後,曾使用象徵五族共和的紅黃藍白黑五色旗長達十七年,直到國民黨完成北伐統一,才換成現今的青天白日滿地紅國旗。

  關於中華民國國旗的歷史,起源最早的是陸皓東設計的青天白日旗,用於興中會時代。一九○六年同盟會開會討論國旗方案時,孫文提出以青天白日旗為國旗,但並未獲得共識。之後同盟會南洋分會副會長張永福之妻陳淑字依孫文的草圖和構想縫製了四種型式的青天白日滿地紅旗。

  其中一款型式是現今採用的中華民國旗幟,還有一面青天白日滿地紅旗於同盟會廣東歷次起義中普遍採用,即現今中華民國陸軍旗。

  根據史料記載,當時革命成功得力各省響應,而響應的各地革命軍,一共使用下列四種旗幟:(一)武昌革命軍使用的共進會十八黃星旗(代表響應的十八行省);(二)上海江蘇軍政府使用的光復會五色旗(代表五族共和,宋教仁與陳英世主張);(三)廣東軍政府使用的青天白日滿地紅旗(孫文等興中會系統使用);(四)惠州起義的陳炯明使用之井字旗(代表均田思想,廖仲愷主張)。

  一九一二年5月10日臨時參議會討論國旗統一案時,中華民國臨時政府參議院決議,採用上海軍政府的五色旗(紅黃藍白黑)為國旗,武昌革命軍的十八黃星旗為陸軍軍旗,廣東軍政府的青天白日滿地紅旗為海軍軍旗(滿地紅部分加上若干白線)。孫文反對五色旗為國旗,力主以青天白日滿地紅旗為國旗。

  一九二○年孫文由非常國會選為非常大總統後,明令廢止五色旗及十八黃星旗,以青天白日滿地紅為國旗。自此青天白日滿地紅旗成為南方政府的國旗,北伐後成為全中國的國旗。

  至於國歌的由來,歌詞原是出自一九二四年6月16日孫文在廣州黃埔軍官學校開學典禮中對該校師生的訓詞。

  北伐成功以後,戴傳賢建議將此訓詞採用為黨歌歌詞。一九三○年3月24日行政院明令全國在國歌未制定前,一般集會場合均唱這首國民黨黨歌代替國歌。之後,幾經波折,最後於一九三七年6月3日,國府通過以黨歌作為國歌;但國歌迄今並無法源,爭議迭起。

Federalists' Comment:

One doesn't have to agree with 「自由時報」's platform and its editorial rhetorics, however, one must admit that it is the most liberal Chinese newspaper out there. (!) What is being put forward is all historical facts, and it is precisely because the KMT has been practicing myriad forms of authoritarianism that has caused them to lose mainland China, it was their soft spot for decades, and it is precisely what the current ROC flag and national anthem stood for. 旗帜学vexillology's abiding principle is that you cannot put a single party's emblem (KMT's) "青天白日" into the canton (upper left quarter) of a national flag, such gesture is sure to be deduced as a form of authoritarianism and dictatorship, which was what Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kia-shek were engaged in during the 20's-40's (despite wartime necessity, and for this, Commie exploited it to the hilt, 所谓,螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后). Do some research and you will find out yourself (mainly from Western "alternative source", 'cause Chinese just habitually love to "suppress" things). The truth might not be "pretty", albeit the truth."

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